College Gap Year Essay

Graduation is the time when young students become liberated from the daily grind and gain freedom to choose whatever they want to do with their lives. Some students decide to go directly to college, while some prefer to go to the workforce. A gap year, or a year off of school between high school and college, is another option for graduated students. In 2009, The Chicago Tribune published an article titled †Should Teens Take a Gap Year or go Straight to College?† by Cory Marchi claiming that a gap year is used to postpone a student’s future because they want to sightsee. He thinks that students won’t benefit from a year off of schooling, and doesn’t acknowledge the real world experience that can be gained from working or learning valuable life lessons during that time. A gap year after high school can help students determine what they want to pursue as their major, and what they desire out of their career. Marchi believes that because tuition is very expensive, increasing an average of eight percent or more annually, students should directly go to college in order to keep tuition costs down. However, if students aren’t sure what direction they want to take in life, they might benefit from year out of school to carefully consider their options. If they proceed with college before they know what they want, they may make a choice of major that they will regret later on, and they will then have to change their major, which could add another year’s tuition, exhausting limited college funds. During a gap year, students can take time to â€Å"soul search† and find what they really want out of their life. If the young graduates need another year to determine what career will make them the happiest in years to come, it is worth an eight percent penalty. During a gap year, students can find employment while determining their major and career. College is very expensive, and some students need an extra year of savings to put toward the cost of their education in order to keep their debt manageable. Although students may lose roughly eight percent in tuition from one year to the next, they would be able to save money to pay for that eight percent and the extra could be applied toward the rest of their tuition. Responsible students wouldn’t use a gap year as â€Å"a year of sightseeing,† like Marchi suggests, but instead would use it to help pay for their higher education. Marchi feels that students may not be motivated enough to continue with college after a gap year, but students who choose to take a gap year have the relaxation of a full year before they have to continue their education in college, and can recharge their batteries after twelve straight years of schooling. Students who are forced to attend college will get less out of their college education than those who work hard during their gap year. If a young adult doesn’t want to put in the effort toward their education, then they won’t be able to reap the rewards. If any student wants to attend college and is willing to put forth the effort, it will not make a difference if they take a gap year or if they don’t. Marchi also states that â€Å"delaying college can also delay the start of a career,† which may be true. However, a single year won’t be a handicap that can’t be overcome after graduation. The average job search lasts for about six months, and can take much longer. If students start their job search right after their graduation from college, they might have to wait until the next year to find a job. If gap year students start their search in the beginning of their senior year, and have a job lined up for after graduation, they could be only months behind the class they graduated high school with. They would also have a year of real-life experience in the work force to add to their resume that the non-gap year students wouldn’t have. Students can do whatever they want during their year off of school, but many get jobs and learn valuable life lessons that look good on a resume, helping them stand out in the crowd of applicants. A break from the daily grind of school can help students determine what career they want to pursue for four or more years of college. Cory Marchi believes that gap years do nothing for students other than hold them back, but gap years can help students find their ambitions, save money for tuition, and use their college years more effectively.

Bullying in Primary and Secondary Schools

â€Å"Bullying. This means threatening, harassing, persecuting or insulting others. Especially those who are weaker. It is a daily terror for many children, possibly your child without knowing it. And schools, some more than others are becoming infested with bullies taking advantage of smaller or timid ones. Is your child being bullied at school? This statement made by Professor Ramesh Deosaran is taken from one of his articles (Bullying, The Silent Terror, dated October 17, 2010) which has brought the problem of bullies and bullying within the school system of Trinidad and Tobago into the public domain.Professor Deosaran is an internationally renowned scholar in criminology and social sciences; he has been recently conferred with the title Professor Emeritus at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus in Trinidad and Tobago. Today I would like to present some facts on â€Å"Bullying in Primary and Secondary Schools†. However due to time constraints, I will foc us on three major aspects in hopes that I may raise your awareness on the severity of the issue. What is bullying?It can be defined as persistent aggressive behavior by one pupil towards another, intended to cause the victim to suffer. It can range from verbal to physical and even indirect. (Chris Kyriacou, â€Å"Helping Troubled Pupils†). The incidence of it in primary and secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago is quite difficult to estimate since a small proportion of cases are reported to teachers and administrators. These reports are often ignored or some corrective action is taken such as summoning of parents, suspension or even counseling by professionals. Why Do Some People Become Bullies?Most times, they are average students who come from households where discipline is excessive or inconsistent, where family relationships show little warmth and to act aggressively towards others, including adults is the norm. This is possibly because they are not listened to or valu ed by their family. To compensate for this lack of value at home, the bully finds it in other places such as school, in inappropriate or unhealthy ways. Others might be victims themselves, not only of being bullied but because of these personal problems in the home or even parental bereavement.Many times, a bully does not feel that they can find any other means of fitting in, so they turn to being powerful in a way that they feel brings them respect. They feel that being feared is the way to gain friends and surround themselves with people who look up to them. â€Å"Psychologists used to believe that bullies have low self-esteem and put down other people to feel better about themselves. While many bullies are themselves being bullied at home or in school, new research shows that they actually have excellent self-esteem.They usually have a sense of entitlement and superiority over others and lack compassion, impulse control and social skills. (St Clair, 2011). What Is The Impact Of Bullying On Victimized Students? According to a report done by the Global School Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2007 on selected schools in Trinidad and Tobago, â€Å"victims of bullying have increased stress and a reduced ability to concentrate and are at increased risk for substance abuse, aggressive behavior and suicide attempts.† Victims develop mental health problems, become truants or school refusers, perform less well at school academically than they otherwise would have done, especially those who are subjected to frequent and prolonged bullying. They are likely to have lower levels of self-esteem and they appear to have difficulty making friends. This is because they are labeled as â€Å"different† by the bully and peer pressure stops other students from standing up for them. In addition, the high level of depression for victims stems directly from the act itself.(Roland, 2002). Sometimes victims are encouraged to believe that this something which all st udents must endure as a part of growing up. By accepting this mentality, the student’s emotional health and well-being are put at stake and the learning process undermined. The student may even develop a decrease ability to devise coping strategies. It may mean that these students may never learn to cope as adults and they cannot form long term relationships. What Is Being Done By the Authorities In Trinidad and Tobago?Thus far, the Ministry of Education has placed Human and Family Life Education (HFLE) on secondary schools’ curriculum and it is taught in most schools. â€Å"The Government of Trinidad and Tobago is looking at the preventative aspect and at early detection and treatment of the problem. † This statement made by The Minister of Education, Tim Gopeesingh, on the 14th of April, 2012. He added that there were preventative measures implemented such as â€Å"The Leader in Me† programme for preschool right up to secondary schools.Student Guidance Support Units in schools are being expanded and a hotline is being set up for children who are bullied. Furthermore, the Chief Education Officer has sent a curricular to all schools asking principals to allow students to have one class per week (Form Teacher Period) in which they can tell of the difficulties they are experiencing. Challenges and Evaluation of Sources In gathering the information required for my research, I had encountered certain challenges along the way. I had an over-abundance of information.It was extremely time consuming to summarize and pick out the most valid and relevant points. However trusted sites were used such as ttparliament. org, bullyonline. org, stopbullying. gov and youthoria. org. These sites were reliable as they were maintained by their organizations consistently and the articles were up to date. A book entitled â€Å"Helping Troubled Pupils† by Chris Kyriacou was very useful as it contained an entire chapter on the topic of bullying from which I was able to extract several valid points.I considered the book a valid source since it was written by a psychologist specifically to help teachers and parents. Conclusion Recent increases in the incidence of bullying among youths in Trinidad and Tobago have led to growing concern about this serious issue. The Government is currently tackling the issue by implementation of preventative measures and by education of students and the public. Although bullying in primary and secondary in schools may never be eradicated,

Cultural Literacies Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Literacies Assignment - Essay Example Montgomery wondered if the ubiquitous and integrated nature of marketing in digital political engagement practices could serve to connate civic identity and brand identity during this key formative stage it is not Internet use per se, but patterns of use featuring the exchange of information that matters. We leave digital footprints that are ever present, highly informative about us as a digital user, and readily available to those seeking the information. As a result, are we entering an era where digital voyeurism becomes highly profitable? How are we to know, for example, the intent of each and every person making use of participatory media? There rightly is a lot of concern over cyber-bullies and cyber-predators. What about those individuals though that collect information about user interaction for commercial purposes? The concern is not big brother in that the government is highly unlikely to keep pace with, let alone move ahead of, ICT companies’ technological advances. He expressed greater concern about a host of digital little brothers. In this instance, what if I as a marketer cast a wide net on MySpace or Facebook by seeking ever wider and wider social networks and then using my access to individuals’ profiles to create a marketing profile of the digital you. Placing this in an offline context, how would you respond if after watching you go to your usual place of exercise 10 or 12 times I came to realize the brand of pants, shirts, socks, shoes and equipment you wore, what perfume or aftershave you liked, and how you did your hair (or not!), I started posting coupons or ads where you exercised? While creepy offline, it is becoming increasingly acceptable online. In one sense, up to this point Internet use has been characterized by anonymity, but it is also suggested that we need to consider our off-line selves as distinct from online or digital selves Besides uploading content, users also willingly and unknowingly provide important infor mation about their profile and behavior to site owners and metadata aggregators. Before users can actually contribute uploads or comments to a site, they usually have to register with their name, email address and sometimes add more personal details such as gender, age, nationality or income. Their subsequent media behavior can be minutely traced by means of data bots. More importantly, all users of UGC sites unwittingly provide information because IP addresses the majority of which can be connected to a user’s name and address – can be mined and used without limit by platform owners. Permission to use metadata towards specific purposes is commonly regulated by a site’s service agreements (Terms of Use), which users are required to sign. Metadata can be mined for various purposes, from targeted advertising to interface optimization, but the bottom line is that users have no power over data distribution. 2) The societal role(s)/depictions of the users of this sit Online networking not only builds social, but also commercial, capacity. Marketers speak of recruiting evangelists by in?uencing members of each social network and turning them into brand breeders or brand advocates for products. Youth are offered incentives to incorporate brands into their user-generated content and

TROUBLE BREWS AT STARBUCKS--Case Study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TROUBLE BREWS AT STARBUCKS-- - Case Study Example Essentially, the 5Cs analysis, which was initially the 3Cs strategy, includes elements such as customer, company, collaborators, climate and competitors. The key aspects that Schultz had in mind were customer, competitors, and the company itself in order for the vision to expand Starbucks to be realistic. In essence, Schultz intended for Starbucks to serve coffee at its outlets with the same taste of that made at home and factored in the growing competition from entrants such as McDonalds, which was winning its customer base. The main target market for Starbucks as part of this vision was to be the people that prefer to brew their coffee from home because not many chain stores served coffee that was of their desired quality. The value positioning to customers would be that Starbucks would be able to serve coffee that was the same as that brewed at home hence saving their customers the hustle of having to only rely on home ground coffee with the taste that they know. Additionally, Schultz also examined Starbucks position and sought to remain relevant in the market by providing its needs and meeting customer satisfaction while register ing profits. Schultz vision met resistances, but Starbucks later bought into the idea in which the first step in implementation based on the 4Ps marketing mix was to create a place or atmosphere that customers would relax in. The idea was to create the third place after home and work where their target market would enjoy the ambience of Starbucks while sipping on a cup of coffee (3). The ambience of the ‘third place’ included the access to music, books, and movies as part of its product delivery options, which was successful in increasing customer flow to their stores (7). The other factor was that Starbucks also targeted areas with heavy population flow such as airports, which succeeded in capturing a wider target market. Secondly, Starbucks also trained its staff on the

Study 1 Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

1 - Case Study Example Question 1: Elements that impact on the school culture School organizations are affected by various issues, both internal and external, that ultimately shape the culture of the school. The culture of the school will eventually determine the performance of the students, staff and the general performance of the school as judged against other schools in similar category (Reiser and Dempsey, 2012). There are four main elements in the instructional leadership development model that help to shape the culture of the school (Reiser and Dempsey, 2012). Decisions regarding various aspects of the school such as resource allocation, staffing patterns, time management, course offering and use of space focus around the four main elements. The elements include the course curriculum, student to teacher ratio, authority of the teachers as well as community involvement. In developing a positive school culture, it is important for school heads to focus on a model that the four main elements of collabor ation, continuous improvement, high expectations and learner centeredness. In order to create a positive culture for the new school I will be heading, I will Endeavour to put in practice the key elements of instructional leadership development model. ... I will promote a collaborative approach to learning. Team work is essential in achieving the objectives of the school as a whole. Finally, I will develop a school culture that is based on continuous improvement, with continuous planning, monitoring, evaluation and assessment of the progress made after specific periods of time. Question 2: Students’ performance review A critical analysis of the students performance from the data gathered indicates that there is a lot need to improve the performance. The school is currently in unacceptable academic standards but there is still room for improvement. The data shows that students with a white ethnic background perform better than those from the other races in all subjects. The other students need to work much harder so as to help the school improve its academic status in the district and the state. As the new head of the school, I will make it my mission to improve the academic performance of the entire school and for every student in the various subjects. Based on the continuous improvement process model, the main goal and objective I will set to improve the performance is to encourage a more interactive and student centered learning process (Reiser and Dempsey, 2012). In achieving this objective, I will encourage teachers to move from a learning process focused on skill and drill exercises and adopt a more interactive student centered learning process that will require more involvement of the students in terms of complex thinking. The learning process will involve teachers giving stimulus to students so as to encourage them to gain attention throughout the lesson. Learners will also be shown the objectives and expectations of the

Lswee9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lswee9 - Essay Example Nothing speaks for itself’ (Thorpe and Holt, 2008: p. 184). It can be anticipated that any researcher will have preconceived ideas about the area of study. This preconception will be founded upon the knowledge gained before actually commencing the research when interacting with others concerned. In my case, I am part of the company. The preconceptions held are going, in some way, going to have an influence both upon the way the research is conducted and could perhaps influence the results obtained. This occurs because it is the researcher who interprets the data, whether this be from his observations, the text of interviews, or from documents obtained from participants. When the researcher reflects upon the preconceptions he might have towards the subject of study and the participants involved, he must also reflect upon how his own characteristics will have an effect upon the data he collected. Hertz (1997: p. 8) stated that reflexivity allows the researcher to realise where he is in relation to the research undertaken , and so is able to minimise the effect he, and his personal ideas and knowledge has upon the research undertaken. When undertaking qualitative research it can be difficult for the researcher to operate in a detached way as they are required to interact personally with the respondents. Reflexive research is able to take this involvement of the researcher into account (Thorpe and Holt, 2008: p. 184). The writers are able to discuss this topic within reflexivity which is where methodological, discussing the proximity of the researchers to the matter under discussion. It is shown that the researcher need to be aware of this closeness and so be aware of the need to be professional and keep their distance so that the process of data collection and its outcomes is influenced in the most minimal way possible and not compromised. Johnson and Duberly (2000: p. 191) discuss

Complete Marketing Plan of New Invented Coffee Product, Marketing Essay

Complete Marketing Plan of New Invented Coffee Product, Marketing Competition - Essay Example In France, generally, coffee is taken as either black or with milk. There are no choices of almond, chocolate, hazelnut, etc... However, it is when Starbucks Coffee entered the market in 2004, that the French’s â€Å"coffee culture† slowly changed from roadside cafà ©s with white porcelain cups, to â€Å"on the go† coffee in white plastic cups. Also, small cafà ©s in Paris such as Columbus cafe has introduced the need of coffee in a person’s daily routine. It is especially among young people that drinking coffee has become something of a fad, and frequenting cafà ©s is something they fancy. Although it is the young professionals, and university students who enjoy drinking coffee, quite a number of the older members of the French community too, drinks coffee – however in the more traditional way of having it either black or with milk. AUP Coffee is a newly invented brand of coffee that is aimed at joining the competitive coffee market of France. It is developed as an instant, processed coffee product. Convenience is very much taken into consideration since everything today is fast-paced and considered â€Å"to go†. As humans, it is natural for us to try a thing or two that is new. If it’s good, we share the thought. If it’s bad, we still share the thought – plus a lot of criticism. France’s market of today is simply a â€Å"trial and error† type of market, meaning the consumers try a new product that looks promising, and the product’s reputation can take it from there. With the ever growing competition in the market, especially of food and beverages, products have become a fad – something like fashion, only the classics (simple and functional) lasts for decades or more. Being a small name in the industry, AUP Coffee will be competing with giants such as Starbucks, established locals such as Columbus Cafe (in Paris), and other coffee shops who, through the years, have e stablished their reputation as household names. Being a coffee

Wimm-Bill-Dann in Russian Market Research Paper

Wimm-Bill-Dann in Russian Market - Research Paper Example By the end of 1999 the wages of common people tumbled by 30% and their pensions by 45% in value. These factors had a cascading effect on the economy resulting in high fuel and grain prices, which coupled with inefficient agricultural production that almost halved livestock rendered supply of raw milk the weakest link in the supply chain for the dairy industry. While it was estimated that 35%-80% of a family budget was spent on food, the economic situation in the country demanded that producers keep their prices low. The other factors that had a bearing on competitive rivalry were access to financial resources, wider product range and efficient distribution. This in turn meant tight management controls on production and distribution costs especially to reach produce to regions where the purchasing power was lower than in cities like Moscow. Sources of competition (Five forces): Before WBD arrived on the scene the Russian dairy sector was either regional or city-centred. They were making packaged milk, kefir (a fermented dairy drink), soured cream, butter, cream, and cottage cheese. The packaging technologies available to the small players were not able to provide long shelf life and limited their geographical reach. As the regional dairies were catering to markets as far away as 500 miles, under utilisation of production facilities, high logistics and distribution costs pushed up the prices. The economic crash of 1998 and the erosion of the rouble made the consumer highly price sensitive. WBD spotted a business opportunity in the situation. By expanding its product range and longer storage facilities the company felt that it could reach wider markets, offer low prices and utilise business opportunities offered by a liberalised economy. WBD actively pursued the policy of regional expansion, expanded its product portfolio and continuous advertising helped the company capture 30% each in the national dairy and juices markets. The situation also prompted western companies to relocate their production facilities to Russia in order to trim costs and be able to compete there. Therefore during this period the company had to contend with the entry of new international players such as Campina, Danone, Erhmann and Parmalat. WBD relied on branding, quality control, expanding product range and continued diversification as the strategy for fighting competition. The recovery of the economy in the new millennium saw changing trends in consumers becoming wealthier, more westernised, inclined to spend more and demanding high end products. Consumers began demanding healthy diets, more products with biologically active ingredients, special product lines for children with various multi-vitamin and other supplements. SWOT: As WBD set its sights on becoming the nation's leading food producer early on the company had a head start on competition. The company began implementing the idea by a multi-pronged strategy: product development, distribution, quality control, packaging, marketing and geographical expansion beyond Russia's borders into other CIS countries like Kyrgyzstan and

Fashion blog entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fashion blog entry - Essay Example The blog entry had well-shaped the storyline of designing by Karl Lagerfeld in his career of 25 years with the brand Chanel. It is quite evident that selecting Karl Lagerfeld as the creative director for the brand Chanel was the biggest decision of Chanel which was proved by Karl in the later years of his experience with Chanel. The contribution of Karl Lagerfeld is not just limited to presenting continuity to the traditional approach of the brand Chanel but also Karl managed to enhance the brand by merging new trends and demands. The informative blog entry about Karl had wonderfully attributed Karl Lagerfeld creativeness as an individual as he owns a publishing house as well as a taste in photography. In no way, people can stop thinking about his contributions to the world of fashion. One addition to the blog entry would be that people who look into the fashion world for the influencing thought of fashion consciousness idolize Karl Lagerfeld. Karl’s contribution could not be well-defined in words as its creativeness is in the colors blacks, grays and whites

Lack of Motivation and Leadership Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lack of Motivation and Leadership Issues - Essay Example A number of solutions have been proposed such as the introduction of the motivational program, transformation in leadership, facilitating teamwork etc. However, among that introduction of incentive scheme and adoption of democratic leadership style have been recommended. Finally, the implementation process has been emphasized. The case entails the owner of Giovanni’s Pizzeria, Riccardo Lombardi. The owner was extremely worried despite the fact that his business was doing extremely well. However, his primary concern was regarding the fact that whether the success will continue or it will diminish as a number of competitors are entering the market. The franchise was purchased by Riccardo 10 years ago from the American Giovanni’s Pizzeria. Since then it has been able to establish 40 stores around the markets of Australia. It has its headquarters in Glen Waverley, Victoria. The franchise is segmented into six areas. The operations of each and every area are looked upon by a state manager. Furthermore, all the stores are administered by a store a manager along with two assistant managers. The company has different policies for hiring employees. However, they do not consider education as the only indication factor for getting a job in the stores. Most of the employees who work on the store have tertiary education and of age 24 to 27. They get selected on the basis of their abilities to perform the job. There are issues within the company for not providing any formal training. However, it is a secondary issue. The case further details that the company’s Ballarat store of Victoria was facing a number of issues such as increasing percentage of unsold and damaged goods, malpractices of the employees, high employee turnover due to stringent policies and also dissatisfaction among the employees due to autocratic leadership style. In order to reduce the impact of the problems on the day to day operations of the operations of the outlet, the  store manager Marcello imposed a set of guidelines.  

The Impact of Media on Teens Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Media on Teens Essay Many adolescent teens are exposed to numerous encounters with the media that have a negative impact on their judgments, actions, and opinions. This is referring to the video games, movies, television shows, and magazines that surround them everyday. We begin to discover how it effects their decisions and behaviors. Adolescence is a time when young people are identifying important aspects of socialization like employment, gender rolls, and the development of morals, values, and beliefs. However, it is also a time when family influence and ties become weaker and outside presences become stronger and more important in the lives of the young. Appearance Most teens search for guidance, not from their parents but from a celebrity, pop star, or actor. These people may only be a role model for a short period of time simply because the teenager has a slight interest in they’re work or could even be as capricious as they released a new album that month. Some examples are make-up ads, â€Å"hot or not† articles, and even some television programs such as the Bachelorette create this false image of perfection that teenagers aspire to be like. This specifically targets their expectations, priorities and self-esteem. Teen girls initiate this mindset where they overanalyze every situation. The way they dress, the amount of makeup they put on, and even how they judge the appearance of the people around them including their friends. In a recent interview with Notre Dame Secondary School’s Child Youth Worker, Mrs. Kennedy states, â€Å"they strive to be what they see in magazines and on the news. It really begins to hurt and damage their self esteem† (Kennedy). With so many years of experience with the youth, Mrs. Kennedy’s very capable of describing how teenagers feel through various situations and why. She talks with teens everyday that go through self-esteem and family issues and agrees that the media, â€Å"especially the social media† (Kennedy), greatly affects the way teenagers view and judge  themselves. â€Å"Some movie ads can be very offensive to not only women but also men. Most stereotypes also developed from movies and television shows.† (Williams) Teenagers may not be physically forced to hide who they truly are but are frightened enough to choose to mask themselves. When high school student Matthew Smith was asked his opinion on the growing population of homosexual teens, he stated, â€Å"everyone now is more accepting to your sexuality than they would have been say 10..15 years ago. Media has really helped it along.† (Smith) Two other high school students had similar beliefs when it came to the openness teenagers are being given with their sexual preferences. This is one example of a positive influence the media has on the way teenagers can express themselves. They encourage teens to be â€Å"comfortable in their own skins† and to not be ashamed of their natural instincts. Some illustrations are the television show 1 Girl 5 Gays, the Gay Pride Parade, and even the numerous Gay/Lesbian support groups funded by some celebrities. Both teenage boys and girls are less ashamed of who they choose to have an interest in, in today’s society. In the latest survey conducted by Ashley Sanchez, 54% agreed that teenagers could be open with their sexuality. (Figure 1) Even if 46% disagreed, the good outweighs the bad. Over time, teens are becoming more and more focused on the useless things instead of the bigger picture. Their priorities have changed drastically. Media advertisements emphasize that in order to be considered what we classify as â€Å"cool† or â€Å"hip† we must own the latest gear or wear the newest line of clothing. In addition to this, many teens only follow what is socially acceptable. If it is not in the latest teen magazine it’s considered â€Å"totally last year† and will be shunned if worn. In a recent survey 44% agreed, and 24% strongly agreed that beauty and appearance is very important (Figure 2). This means more than half of the tabulated results find their appearance to be very important. This is a shocking result because it shows roughly how many teenagers really do care about the way they look. There are positive and negative affects that the media has on the teenage mind concerning their appearance and the way they see and portray  themselves. However, one must take into consideration that these statistics may increase in time because of the different ways one can access and is exposed to the media. Personality, Morals and Behaviour The way a teenager behaves weighs heavily on those who surround and nurture them throughout their childhood years. (Picard). Nonetheless, studies show that during adolescence the mind goes through drastic changes. The frontal lobe in the brain has not yet developed and this is essential for decision making and reasoning. That is one rationale as to why teenagers can be described as reckless and daft at times. A teenage mind is extremely vulnerable to outside influences. When they see their favorite actor or singer do something that is inappropriate they think it becomes acceptable. Approximately one million teens get pregnant and give birth every year in the United States. Eighty percent of those births are to unmarried teens. Teenage pregnancy has serious consequences for the mother, the child and society in general. Teenage pregnancy frequently leads to limited future prospects for many teen mothers who are unable to complete high school. Adolescents who have babies are also more prone to health problems and experience a maternal death rate 2.5 times higher than women aged 20-24(ProQuest Staff). For example, the shows 16 and Pregnant and Teen Mom are two television demonstrations of underage pregnancy. None of these teen moms are married, and half of their children’s biological fathers want little or nothing to do with them. This taints both teenage girls and boys’ minds with deceitful and inaccurate interpretations of sex and love. Shows like these pollute the idea of raising a child and marriage with an easy way to fame. (Jennings) It changes teenage morals to the impression that since it’s on the television that it is okay to imitate their behavior. Not all teens are as naà ¯ve as to go and engage in sexual behavior just to be famous but the fact that these teenage mothers allow a recording crew to follow them around and film their day-to-day lives and constant arguments with their boyfriends is ludicrous and sends a terrible message to other teenage women. When students were asked if reality television could be educational, the results showed more than half of the students agreed that it could be  educational. (Figure 3) â€Å"I really don’t umde rstand how it could be educational. I think it’s more for entertainment purposes† (Kennedy). Many children born to teenage mothers suffer from low birth weight and other related health problems, with a large proportion of them having insufficient health insurance. Children of teen parents often receive inadequate care because teens are rarely able to provide the nurturing and stimulation required by infants for normal development. Although teen pregnancy rates declined throughout the 1990s, a 3 percent jump in births to teen mothers between 2005 and 2006 raised alarm that sex education programs and campaigns to reduce teen motherhood were failing. â€Å"Teens don’t understand what it means to be truly mature, or respecting themselves as a human, not an object†. (Mellor). Some people think that providing teenagers with contraceptives is the best way to lower teen pregnancy rates, while others think the focus should be on abstinence education (ProQuest Staff). Teenage violence has never really been a big topic of discussion, however one cannot ignore the on-and-off teenage rages that occur. Children all over the world are engrossed in warfare in their little boxed-up world that is their constant companion. Parents think nothing now about their teenage child playing violent video games for hours each day. There is the known positive correlation between habitual violent video game play and mild and severe forms of physical aggression. This study brings out the belief that children in highly individualistic cultures such as in the United States and Canada are more prone to this effect. All children will become more aggressive if repeatedly exposed to violent video games, and younger children are more susceptible to this than older ones. (Hulaimi). Teens in Nintendo mania may have issues with self-control. The part of the brain that video gaming stimulates is the amygdala, the part connected with emotional arousal. What the violent content of the video game does is stimulation of the brains arousal centers, doing little to the cortical areas involved in perception and thinking. (Jayson). Stereotypes are repetitively in the media. Some movies not only humiliates teenagers of specific races but also drives them away from their own culture because they are afraid of being teased or ridiculed. â€Å"If youre of a certain descent, you are portrayed in the media a specific way and most people adjust their personalities to fit those stereotypes.† (Nadesh). Teens begin to lose their true personalities because  they are trying to fit this mold of what the media deems is socially acceptable. Communication and Relationships Adolescence is a crucial time for friendships, and relationships to develop and become more serious. Websites like Twitter and Facebook have become extremely popular to the teenage population. It affects the way they communicate with one another. â€Å"Before, if two people wanted to talk to one another they would usually do it face to face or on the phone. But overtime, weve become so used to just chatting with people online or texting them that not only has it changed the way we communicate but also the kinds of relationships we have with certain people.† (Nadesh). A lot of teens feel driven by this lust or love concept. â€Å"Teens fall into traps very easily, especially when they truly believe the gestures are genuine† (Mellor). Since a lot of teens have barely experienced a real relationship they have a very vague perspective on love. Nearly 1.5 million high school students across the country experience physical violence at the hands of a dating partner each year, according to a website created by the National Dating Abuse Hotline and the awareness group, Break the Cycle. One in three adolescents have experienced physical, verbal, emotional or sexual abuse from a boyfriend or girlfriend. (Duret). Unlike adults, teens in abusive relationships dont typically live together or see one another much outside of school. Their battleground becomes the telephone and social media. This is where put-downs, name-calling and jealousy manifest in angry phone calls and Facebook posts. (Duret). There have been multiple cases where the teenager’s significant other’s jealousy would be pushed to the extreme and murders will occur. (Duret) The case of Brandon Nicholas Santos, 18, arrested on first-degree murder charges in the death of girlfriend Emilie Sineace, 16. Police said Santos drove to Sineaces suburban Lake Worth house Sept. 14 and sent her a text message to come outside. When she did, he fired six shots at her. Half of them hit her, and Sineace, an Inlet Grove High student and aspiring surgeon, died the next morning. Now Santos, who recently played football at Park Vista High, may spend the rest of his life in prison. Teens often bring up the 2009 case of RB singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The celebrity couple turned a national spotlight on domestic violence among young adults when Brown was arrested and sentenced to probation for attacking Rihanna (Duret). The couple separated in the aftermath, but recent media reports have them back together. This sends teens a confusing message about domestic violence. It gives them the idea that if you love each other enough, you can work through situations like this. People are asking questions like: Is there such as thing as Facebook Addiction Disorder? The fact of the matter is it’s not so much a disorder, but it is a form of addiction. Mental Health Experts around the world are probing the dark side of social media. â€Å"When people become too comfortable talking behind a computer they end up being uncomfortable talking in face-to-face. Lots of awkward teens out there that don’t know how to keep a conversation going anymore.† (Goorahoo). We are in an era where Internet devices are always on and meeting face-to-face is becoming increasingly rare as people choose to meet screen-to-screen. There are some very valuable things about social media and networking, and there are also some dangers. Historically, the changes have been in musical taste and style of dress. Now it has to do with technology and the use of technology to deal with social relations. (Pilieci). Facebook, (Figure 4) has more than 800 million users accessing it regularly, and roughly 425 million accessing the site using a mobile device. There are 18 million Canadians on Facebookmore than half our population and with that more than 12 million of them visit the site daily. On a per-capita basis, [Figure 4] [Figure 4] Canada has the highest number of Facebook users in the world. The average Canadian has 225 friends on the social network, though recent studies from the University of Waterloo have shown that as many as half of our friends are people we dont even really know. (Pilieci) Larry Rosen, professor of psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills, outlined the results of some recent research, which also points to the darker side of social media. He found that Teens using Facebook have more narcissistic tendencies while young adults who have a strong Facebook presence show more signs of other psychological disorders, including anti-social behaviours. Some psychologists are calling this Facebook Addiction Disorder. This is basically when people are afraid to disconnect from social media services because they think theyre going to missing something important. While older groups may be using it to see pictures of family members or brag about their latest accomplishments, younger generations are using it to gossip. (Pilieci). It’s also a danger because as soon as something is on the Internet it can never be erased. In a way the social media is actually making us sick. It constructs the indication that the unhealthiest relationships are normal, and that spending five hours a day on a network is reasonable. It corrupts the way we socialize and get closer to other people. To a certain extent, teens are allowing themselves to have open profiles with private information that anyone can have access to. They are not only endangering themselves but potentially also their ‘225 facebook friends.’ The Aftermath and Physical Damage Suicide can date back to as early as 500 BCE where in the Greek colony of Ceos, citizens over age 60 years or incapacitated by illness are allowed to commit suicide by drinking state-provided poppy juice or hemlock. Fast-forwarding to1980, in a 17-month period, 28 teenagers took their own lives in Chicagos privileged North Shore suburbs. Researchers reveal statistics that show rising signs of violent discontent among youth from affluent families. (ProQuest). Bullying is a major aspect to teen suicide. (Figure 5). â€Å"Bullying will be a HUGE problem no matter where you’re from. When you’re bullied you feel like there is no way out. You get pushed so far to the edge that you give up and just kill yourself. This is happening more and more often because of our accesses to technology and instant communication.† (Goorahoo). Teens have this tendency to want to feel in power. As soon as they have power, it’s a constant battle to sustain their title. Bullies will torment their victim into such a deep state of depression that they will begin having suicidal thoughts. The exact causes of suicide are complex, with an interplay of psychological, biological, social and environmental factors.  However about 95% of cases spring from mental illnesses such as depression or schizophrenia. (Picard) Many people, especially the young, keep their suffering a secret because they don’t know where or who to turn to. The media renders a lot of help hotlines and prevention programs but how much are they really enforcing it? School is the ideal setting for prevention. School Boards are bombarded with requests to implement health-promotion programs, and suicide-prevention lectures; however, there is little evidence that any of this is very effective. Those who routinely cut-themselves are usually victims of some form of bullying and find that by harming themselves it releases their emotions. Whether they are gay, lesbians, victims of sexual abuse, or just people of a certain culture. Nevertheless, young men are still about five times more likely to die of suicide than young women. (Picard) Media also plays a role in this because of the way men are anticipated to act. They feel the need to persistently have this macho, egotistical persona but what studies now show is that men can be just about as self-conscious as women. Teen boys hide their emotions, feelings and thoughts a lot more than teen girls. Especially when they are with their friends. This is because the media displays the impression of a sensitive man as a homosexual. In most cases, this is not true, of course. All of these bottled up emotions eventually leads to substance and drug abuse. The media blames movies and television shows for this, but those things are the media. Marijuana is the most popular illegal drug in the world, within the United States alone 23 percent of high school students said theyd recently smoked marijuana, making it more popular than cigarettes. (Ritter) Sometimes the habit is developed straight out of the teen’s home or family, but for the most part teen’s smoke simply to have something to do with their friends. (Figure 6) Drinking, on the other hand, mainly has to do with family difficulties. Teens use it as a stress reliever or to forget certain memories. â€Å"Even parent’s drinking occasionally may be influential to their kids without even knowing it.† (Kennedy). Along with all of this comes the increasing number of non-active teenagers. With fast food restaurants frequently being built within a mile radius of most homes it becomes a very convenient place to dine. Teens enjoy going to fast food restaurants for two main reasons: to eat a meal for a cheap price, and to be away from home for a little while. For children of normal weight, the risk of developing high blood pressure or pre high blood pressure rose 6% for every 1,000 milligrams of sodium consumed per day. But the risk rose 74% for children who were overweight. (McKay) Since fast food restaurants are in such convenient places for teenagers to just pop in and eat a burger, they will do it. It’s not only extremely unhealthy because most fast food restaurant’s meat is processed but teens won’t do much physical activity afterwards to work it off. Obese teens not only make easy targets for bullies, in the case of girls, theyre more likely to turn into bullies themselves, according to the findings of a Canadian study on the social fallout of being overweight. (Kirkey) Since a teenager’s priorities have changed, so have their extracurricular activities. Teens are more concerned with shopping and instant messaging one another than maintaining a healthy diet. According to Statistics Canada, 17 per cent of children in Canada are overweight; nine per cent are obese. (Kirkey) Although, there’s maintaining a healthy diet but then there’s going to the extremes with not eating at all. Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa may be caused by environmental factors, which switch on specific genes that trigger the dysfunctional eating behaviour. (Cresswell) Many teens will not allow themselves to eat because of what someone said, or something they saw on the television. This occurs in men also, however men don’t stop eating they go on protein diets. This can also be harmful to their body because your body needs some fat in order to function. Media surrounds teens everywhere they go whether they like to acknowledge it or not. Most teens are becoming more aware of their surroundings and the influences around them by the age of fifteen but do not think much of it until around eighteen. In today’s world people cannot live without media.  Thus, we know that various media and its artifacts can have a lot of effects on our daily lives, our society, and us. We must understand that a lot of what we see on television, hear on the radio, or see in the print are there in order for us to change our minds about certain views or opinions. So, to fully understand and comprehend the nature and effects of the production techniques of the media and its effects on the teenage mind we must consider the many aspects of media. Work Cited Cresswell, Adam. Environmental Factors May Trigger Anorexia. Weekend Australian. 25 Aug 2012: 8. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 14 Dec 2012. Duret, Daphne. High School Dating Violence on the Rise. Palm Beach Post. 14 Nov 2012: A.1. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 2 Dec 2012. Goorahoo, Khamron. Personal interview. 6 Dec. 2012 Hulaimi, Wan A. The Impact of Violent Video Games on Children. New Straits Times. 22 Apr 2012: 21. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 2 Dec 2012. Jayson, Sharon. Study the Player, Not the Video Game. USA TODAY. 15 Sep 2011: D.3. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 6 Dec 2012. Jennings, Alicia. â€Å"When You Trust Someone and It Threatens Your Body.† Teen Voices. 24 2008. 22-23. Print. Kennedy, Mrs.. Personal interview. 11 Oct. 2012. Kirkey, Sharon. Obese Teen Girls More Likely to Be Bullies, Says Canadian Study. Postmedia News. 21 Jan 2012: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 6 Dec 2012. McKay, Betsy. New Study: Sodium a Concern for Children. Wall Street Journal. 17 Sep 2012: A.2. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 5 Dec 2012. Nadesh, Janani. Email interview. 5 Dec. 2012. Picard, Andre. â€Å"Everyone Has a Role In Being Vigilant About Cries for Help.† Globe and Mail. 28 Sep 2011: A.8 SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 05 Oct 2012. Pilieci, Vito. Do Social Networks Make Us Sick?. Ottawa Citizen. 24 Mar 2012: B.1. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 6 Dec 2012. ProQuest Staff. At Issue: Teenage Pregnancy. ProQuest LLC. 2012: n.pag. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 2 Dec 2012. ProQuest Staff. Suicide Timeline. Leading Issues Timelines. 2012: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 2 Dec 2012. Ritter, Malcolm. Teen Pot Use Linked to Later Declines in IQ. Baxter Bulletin. 27 Aug 2012: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 1 Dec 2012. Smith, Matthew. Personal interview. 11 Dec. 2012. Williams, Tee-Ara. â€Å"Are These Movie Ads a Big Mistake?† Teen Voices. 08 2004: 56-57. Print.

The history of art Essay Example for Free

The history of art Essay The history of art is closely related with the common history. With this statement I’d like to highlight the close connection between â€Å"culture wars† and the history of civil rights, especially in the USA. After the struggle for equal treatment for people of any gender or race it was time to start struggle for equal treatment for people of different sexuality. The issue of norm and perversion in the human sexuality is always under debate in the society. Jonathan Katz made some researches of the social aspect of homosexuality, in particular he observed the relationship between the art and â€Å"culture wars†, but I’d like to point out his other observation. In his article â€Å"The Invention of Heterosexuality† Katz tells that the very term â€Å"heterosexuality† has the medical origin, and it gained the meaning of social norm only after the World War II. The term â€Å"heterosexuality† as the sexual norm has, according to Katz, social not biological nature. Thus, the taboo on open homosexuality had not natural but social origin and thus it could be lifted. In 1980s the struggle against the taboo on open homosexuality reflected in the different forms of postmodernism art. Thus, Robert Mapplethorpe created a series of black-and white photography with the homosexual thematic. He proclaimed the aesthetics of naked male bodies including genitals and the homosexual erotic. His works as well the works of other artist, who proclaimed homosexuality, had a wide social resonance. Some influential Senators started the campaign against the homosexuality, contrasting it with Christian moral and family values and linking homosexuality with the AIDS epidemic. The role of art in the â€Å"culture wars† was to convince the society to change the attitude to homosexuals. For now it is possible to say that the attitude really changed to more tolerant. The art proclaiming homosexuality undoubtedly was one of the influential factors in changing the situation. References Jonathan Ned Katz. The Invention of Heterosexuality. 1995. Retrieved July 11 2010 from http://kasamaproject. org/2008/06/27/katz-the-invention-of-heterosexuality/ Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation website. Retrieved July 11 2010 from http://www. mapplethorpe. org/foundation. html Robert Summers, Art History Visual Culture. http://ospace. otis. edu/robtsum/Contemporary_Video_and_Body_Art_Practices, accessed 09 July 2010

Study On Awareness Of Internet Banking

Study On Awareness Of Internet Banking Internet banking allows customers of a financial institution to conduct financial transactions on a secure website operated by the institution, which can be a retail or virtual bank, credit union or building society .It may include of any transactions related to online usage. To access a financial institutions online banking facility, a customer having personal Internet access must register with the institution for the service, and set up some password for customer verification. The password for online banking is normally not the same as for telephone banking. Financial institutions now routinely allocate customer numbers whether or not customers intend to access their online banking facility. Customer numbers are normally not the same as account numbers, because a number of accounts can be linked to the one customer number. The customer will link to the customer number any of those accounts which the customer controls, which may be cheque , savings, loan, credit card and other accou nts. To access online banking, the customer would go to the financial institutions website, and enter the online banking facility using the customer number and password. Some financial institutions have set up additional security steps for access, but there is no consistency to the approach adopted. Internet banking (or E-banking) means any user with a personal computer and a browser can get connected to his bank -s website to perform any of the virtual banking functions. In internet banking system the bank has a centralized database that is web-enabled. All the services that the bank has permitted on the internet are displayed in menu. Any service can be selected and further interaction is dictated by the nature of service. The traditional branch model of bank is now giving place to an alternative delivery channels with ATM network. Once the branch offices of bank are interconnected through terrestrial or satellite links, there would be no physical identity for any branch. It would a borderless entity permitting anytime, anywhere and anyhow banking. The network which connects the various locations and gives connectivity to the central office within the organization is called intranet. These networks are limited to organizations for which they are set up. SWIFT is a live example of intranet application. FUNCTIONS OF INTERNET BANKING 1. Pay a bill. 2. Schedule payments in advance. 3. Transfer funds. 4. Manage all your accounts in one place. 5. View images of your checks online. 6. Apply for a loan or credit card. 7. Purchase and manage CD accounts. 8. Order travelers checks. 9 Order a cheque book. 10 View up-to-the-minute account statements and balance. 11 Track your payment history. 12 Change contact details. Internet banking allows customers to perform a wide range of banking transactions electronically via the banks Web site. When first introduced, Internet banking was used mainly as an information presentation medium in which banks marketed their products and services on their Web sites.With the development of asynchronous technologies and secured electronic transaction technologies, however, more banks have come forward to use Internet banking both as a transactional as well as an informational medium. Internet banking can perform following banking transactions: Writing checks Paying bills Transferring funds Printing statements Inquiring about account balance The popular services covered under E-banking are :- 1. Automated Teller Machines 2. Credit Cards 3. Debit Cards 4. Smart Cards 5. Electronic Funds Transfer 6. Cheque Payment System 7. Mobile Banking Internet banking in india The Reserve Bank of India constituted a working group on E- Banking. The group divided the internet banking products in India into following 3 levels of access : Information Only System: General Information like interest rates, branch location, bank products and their features, loan and deposit calculations are provided in the banks website. There exist facilities for downloading various types of application forms. The communication is normally done through e-mail. There is no interaction between the customer and banks application system. No identification of the customer is done. In this system, there is no possibility of any unauthorized person getting into production systems of the bank through internet. Electronic Information Transfer System: The system provides customer- specific information in the form of account balances, transaction details, and statement of accounts. The information is still largely of the read only format. Identification and authentication of the customer is through password. The information is fetched from the banks application system either in batch mode or off-line. The application systems cannot directly access through the internet. Fully Electronic Transactional System: This system allows bi-directional capabilities. Transactions can be submitted by the customer for online update. This system requires high degree of security and control. In this environment, web server and application systems are linked over secure infrastructure. It comprises technology covering computerization, networking and security, inter-bank payment gateway and legal infrastructure. Benefits of E-Banking The operating cost per unit services is lower for the banks. It offers convenience to customers as they are not required to go to the banks premises. There is very low incidence of errors. The customer can obtain funds at any time from ATM machines. The credit cards and debit cards enables the Customers to obtain discounts from retail outlets. The customer can easily transfer the funds from one place to another place electronically The following services can be availed through E-Banking: Bill payment service You can facilitate payment of electricity and telephone bills, mobile phone, credit card and insurance premium bills as each bank has tie-ups with various utility companies, service providers and insurance companies, across the country. To pay your bills, all you need to do is complete a simple one-time registration for each biller. The bank does not charge customers for online bill payment. Fund transfer You can transfer any amount from one account to another of the same or any another bank. Customers can send money anywhere in India. Once you login to your account, you need to mention the payeess account number, his bank and the branch. The transfer will take place in a day or so, whereas in a traditional method, it takes about three working days. Credit card customers With Internet banking, customers can not only pay their credit card bills online but also get a loan on their cards. If you lose your credit card, you can report lost card online. Railway pass This is something that would interest all the aam janta. Indian Railways has tied up with ICICI bank and you can now make your railway pass for local trains online. The pass will be delivered to you at your doorstep. But the facility is limited to Mumbai, Thane, Nashik, Surat and Pune. Investing through Internet banking You can now open an FD online through funds transfer.Now investors with interlinked demat account and bank account can easily trade in the stock market and the amount will be automatically debited from their respective bank accounts and the shares will be credited in their demat account. Moreover, some banks even give you the facility to purchase mutual funds directly from the online banking system. Recharging your prepaid phone Now just top-up your prepaid mobile cards by logging in to Internet banking. By just selecting your operators name, entering your mobile number and the amount for recharge, your phone is again back in action within few minutes. Shopping With a range of all kind of products, you can shop online and the payment is also made conveniently through your account. You can also buy railway and air tickets through Internet banking. Security Precautions The security precautions used in internet banking are: Buy good antivirus, It is very important to protect against viruses. Such antivirus is Quick heal, Kasper sky, Net Protector etc. Scan Your Computer Daily with antivirus to ensure your system is safe. Enable Firewall for better protection. Avoid access net banking from cyber cafe or any other PCs having virus. With in periodical intervals, change your net banking password. There is Last log-in Date in your net banking account. Check it daily. Use Latest version of Browser like Mozilla Firefox 3.1 and above,IE 7.0 and above,Opera 9.5 and above,Safari 3.5 and above, Google chrome,etc. Use Newer Operating System. Do Not Disclose your Password to anyone. Before log-in into your account check the website URL having https:// . it means it is secured site. Do not click on any link showing Update Your Password . Ensure that the logged in session is properly signed out. CHAPTER 2 Review of Literature Introduction and development of e-banking especially began in 1990s (Pikkarainen et al.2004, p.224) A research made in U.S in year 1999 stated that there have been huge increases in the use of e-banking in America. Examining the development of online banking in the world, one can say that the European countries are still the leader of the use of newest banking technologies and online banking (Pyun et al, 2002,p.73). According to a study, less than 15 percent of banks with transactional websites will realize profits directly attributable to those sites (Courchanne et al,2002, p.354). According to Zeithaml et al. (2008), consumer perception plays a vital role particularly in pre-purchase decision making of services with high credence attributes as their pre-purchase evaluation is difficult. Althoughinternet banking provides recognized benefits for customers over the traditional banking system, however, thecustomers adoption of internet banking depends upon the pre-purchase perception of its proposed benefits insteadof the potential benefits it can actually provide, due to its high credence nature (Eriksson et al, 2005). Underlying customer perceptions, satisfaction and other behavioral constructs have, therefore, become research-worthy subjects for the researchers and practitioners in this field of study, however, customer perception has been given an escalating importance in the empirical studies due to its significant role in service evaluation (International Business Economics Research Journal April 2011) The vast majority of the banks that avoided Internet banking in the beginning did so because they simply did not see the benefits of using it. Polatoglu Kin (2001) state that the average internet banking transaction costs the institution only one twentieth of teller transaction. On the importance of trainability, Rogers (1983) and Agarwal and Prasad (1998) stated that potential adopters of new technology, who are allowed to experiment with it, would feel comfortable with it and thus be more likely to adopt it. According to Tan and Teo (2000) if customers are given the chance to try the innovation, it will minimize certain fears, especially when customers found that mistakes could be rectified and thus providing a predictable situation. A more rapid diffusion occurs when consumers can have low-cost or low-risk trial of the service. Internet banking services are free.(www.arraydev.com) An American study conducted last year by Booz-Allen projects that by the year 2000, 16 million US households will be using Internet banking. While these numbers do not appear to be significant as compared to the total population, each Internet user is projected to be 50-250% more profitable than the average banking customer. It is expected that these Internet customers will be some of the banking systems most profitable customers representing close to 30% of all retail banking profits. The study projects that by 1999, 1,500 banks will have Internet Web sites and at least 500 of these banks will be offering full-fledged Internet banking services.In 2001 Micro banker send detailed questionnaire to the leading vendors of internet banking software27 companies responded with information on thirty programs the aggregate outcome of the outcome was that almost all the companies have developed functions for internet banking and have inbuilt feature to aid with one to one marketing on the web. The vast majority of the banks that avoided Internet banking in the beginning did so because they simply did not see the benefits of using it. Polatoglu Kin (2001) state that the average internet banking transaction costs the institution only one twentieth of teller transaction.( www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/OnlineBanking-2006.aspx) On the importance of trainability, Rogers (1983) and Agarwal and Prasad (1998) stated that potential adopters of new technology, who are allowed to experiment with it, would feel comfortable with it and thus be more likely to adopt it. According to Tan and Teo (2000) if customers are given the chance to try the innovation, it will minimize certain fears, especially when customers found that mistakes could be rectified and thus providing a predictable situation. A more rapid diffusion occurs when consumers can have low-cost or low-risk trial of the service. Internet banking services are free. The cost and risk to trial are relatively low especially when Internet access is available from work.The concept of electronic banking has been defined in many ways (e.g. Daniel, 1999). According to Karjaluoto (2002) electronic banking is a construct that consists of several distribution channels. Daniel (1999) defines electronic banking as the delivery of banks information and services by banks to customers via different delivery platforms that can be used with different terminal devices such as a personal computer and a mobile phone with browser or desktop software, telephone or digital television. Electronic banking also commonly known as internet banking or e-banking. Internet Banking, defined as the delivery of banking services through the open-access computer network (the internet) directly to customers home or private address. (Lau, 1997) has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years. In 2006, Pew Internet and American Life Project reported that nearly half of internet users in the United States 63 million adults bank online (Fox and Beier, 2006). In many ways, e-banking is not unlike traditional payment, inquiry, and information processing system, differing only in that it utilizes a different delivery channel. Any decision to adopt e-banking is normally influenced by a number of factors. Liao et al. (2008) stress that the success in Internet banking will be a chieved with tailored financial products and services that fulfill customer wants, preferences and quality expectations. Mattila (2001) concedes that customer satisfaction is a key to success in Internet banking and banks will use different media to customize products and services to fit customers specific needs in the future(.(Journal of internet banking and commerce) Since personal and financial information can be intercepted and used for fraudulent purposes, online investing involves greater security concerns than conventional trading; users need a sense of security when conducting financial transactions, and it is still one of the major barriers to e-commerce growth (Lee and Turban, 2002). Perceived security was defined as a threat that creates a circumstance, condition, or event with the potential to cause economic hardship to data or network resources in the form of destruction, disclosures, and modification of data, denial of service, and/or fraud, waste and abuse (Kalakota and Whinston, 1997). Security, which involves the use of technical advancements like cryptography, digital signature and certificates aimed at protecting users from risk of fraud, hacking or phishing, has a positive influence on the intention to purchase online (Lian and Lin, 2008). A majority of studies highlight the fact that security is the biggest single concern for customers when faced with the decision to use internet banking. Security has always been an issue, but its scope has changed from mere doubts about the privacy of personal information to worries of financial loss (Sayar and Wolfe, 2007). White and Nteli (2004) find that security is the most important attribute for UK internet banking customers. It is followed by responsiveness of service delivery (speed and timeliness), ease of use, credibility of the bank, and product variety. Akinci et al. (2004) find that the selection of an internet banking service provider is effected by security, reliability and privacy. Security, which involves protecting users from the risk of fraud and financial loss, has been another important issue in safe use of the internet when conducting financial transactions in Saudi Arabia (Sohail and Shaikh, 2007). The banking sector was reluctant to use e-commerce applications as they felt that transactions conducted electronically were open to hackers and viruses, which are beyond their control. As well as convinced that online services are a mixture of customer insecurities, technology investment costs and a lack of market-readiness have all conspired to make e-banking unattractive (Abdulwahed and Yaqoub, 2006). Perceived risk was one of the major factors affecting consumer adoption, as well as customer satisfaction, of online banking services (Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001). Perceived risk usually arises from uncertainty. Howcroft et. al., (2002) the principal characteristics that inhibit online banking adoption are security and privacy. An interview held on web security and showed four screen shots of a browser connecting to a website and asked participants to state if the connection was secure or not secure and to affirm the motivating factor for their appraisal. It was discovered that about 7 2 participants cannot tell if a connection is secure (Friedman et. al., 2002). CHAPTER 3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY The proposed research study is to be centered around fulfilling the following objectives. To study the level of awareness of internet banking among the customers of Indirapuram Area To find out the ways to improve Awareness To find the customer satisfaction relating to e-banking services Chapter-4 Scope of the study The study attempts to identify the level of awareness among the people of Indirapuram Area , regarding Online banking services provided by Banks. The study also indentifies the attitudes and preferences of consumers. The survey for this purpose was confined to the Indirapuram Area, Ghaziabad Chapter-5 Research Methodology Hypothesis:- H0: null hypothesis: Let us consider that residents of Indirapuram Area are fully aware of internet banking services provided by banks. H1: alternate hypothesis: Let us consider that residents of Indirapuram Area are not fully aware of internet banking services provided by banks. Research Design:- Exploratory Research We first used Exploratory Research. Exploratory research is a type of research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Given its fundamental nature, exploratory research often concludes that a perceived problem does not actually exist. The working of the research was started with the questionnaire. In this we have used screening criterion to identify target group of our research. Screening of certain questions has been done. The study went through the perception of the target group about the manual banking also. Opinion about manual banking by the target group helped to measure impact of manual banking transactions. Then, our study was divided into two streams: the customer, who uses Internet banking and who doesnt use it. These parameters helped to correlate the information between both kinds of customers. This also helped to evaluate the current satisfaction level of the customers who were using Internet banking. Then we used Descriptive Research. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exists with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time. To accurately portrait the characteristics of person of situation or group we used Descriptive Research Design Sample Size and Design:- Target Population- Universe or the whole mass under study will be residents of Indirapuram area. Sample Frame- will be educational qualifications, working and non-working males and females, professionals , students and business class. Sampling Unit- Individuals. Sampling method -Non Probability method under which convenient Sampling method. Sample size will be around 200. Method of Data Collection- Primary data Tools of Data Collection- Questionnaire Period: The primary data is proposed to be collected through various means of communications, i.e. In person, by telephone, e-mail , between 10.01.2013 to 25.01.2013 the period and mode of collecting data shall be reviewed suitably at the appropriate times so as to make it meaningful and closest possible to the objectives set for the research study. Chapter-6 DATA ANALYSIS Questionnaire Name: Occupation : Gender : Contact no: 1) You have a bank account? CATEGORY Answer Yes No 2) You aware of the internet banking facility? If answer to q-2 is No ,move to q 9) CATEGORY Answer Yes No 3) Level Of Awarenes of online banking services provided by Banks? CATEGORY Answer Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor 4) Source of awareness : CATEGORY Answer Print Media Electronic Media FamilyFriends Any Other 5) Your awareness of latest banking trends: CATEGORY GOOD FAIR POOR RTGS M-WALLET E-BANKING M-BANKING 6) Since how many years you are availing internet banking facility? CATEGORY Answer Less than 1 year 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years More than 5 years 7) Type of service mostly you avail? CATEGORY Answer Online shopping Online bill payments Transfer funds online Bank statements Any Other 8) Please rank the following factors based on your experience CATEGORY Rating Convenience Saves times 24 hour access to account Wish to access account without visiting branch Safe and secure Low service charge Easy to maintain transactions 9) Rate your experience in getting internet banking facility from the branch? CATEGORY Rating Excellent Very Good Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory 10)Reasons you are unaware of Internet Banking ? CATEGORY Answer You are not tech savy Lack of Interest Prefer to have personal human relation Lack of Sources Any Other This survey is being conducted as a part compliance of my degree in MBA (Insurance Banking) from Amity University and is a pre-requisit for award of Degree. The project is for academic purposes and confidentiality will be maintained. FINDINGS In Indirapuram area majority of respondents i.e 88% are aware of internet banking services provided by banks while 12% respondents are not aware of internet banking services Electronic Media is the source of awareness for majority of respondents of Indirapuram Area. The services which are mostly used by customers are printing bank statements and transferring funds online Majority of people are not aware of Internet banking because of Lack of sources or they are not tech savy CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS Banks should attract consumer attention to internet banking services through better marketing Bank should make efforts to increase customers awareness about internet banking facilities by conducting training programmes. Banks should conduct various training programmes for employees so that they will get aware with the terms of internet banking and could create awareness amongst the customers. Banks should increase the awareness about various features, advantages and benefits of internet banking, especially its convenience. Bank should make the customers aware about internet banking at the time of building relationship. Banks should extend the technology which is used in internet banking in order to remove the difficulties. CHAPTER 8

Character Development in Burmese Days by George Orwell :: essays research papers

I was intrigued by how the writer George Orwell portrayed each character's personality. Each character had their own unique characteristic. For example, Mr. Floury's character was unique in every aspect imaginable, by the way he tries to help Dr. Veraswami's get elected in the club. He was not always positive, but in some instances he was cruel. There was a demeanor about him that was portrayed very well from start to finish. The arrival of the bobbed blonde, Elizabeth Lackersteen, not only shows Flory as ill-fated suitor but gives Orwell the opportunity to prove that he's a reporter of nuanced social interactions and political intrigues. Other character's worth mentioning is Ma Hla May (Flory's servant); her actions throughout the book were marvelous. Each time she appeared in the scene, her presence was felt strongly. Her actions thoughtout the book were driven by her vanity, which led to her arriving at the church and embarrassing Mr. Flory. Against this backdrop of politics and ethics, Orwell presents romance. The book was not just about one-man entrance in a club, but also of the hatred people bestow on each other. Was it their vanity that had driven everyone in the town? Is the failure to socialize extended to the natives ? U Po Kyin, villain who tormented everyone, a man without any sympathy, a man who was known to be notorious throughout the town. Most of the turmoil, which occurred during the book can be traced back to U Po Kyin doings. The addition of U Po Kyin made the book mysterious and full of mayhem. This well plotted tale of betrayal and hypocrosy in an English colonial outpost is an extraordinarily good read on several levels. The character of Flory who despises the racist hypocrosy of his fellow expats yet is too weak to do anything about it is very well written. Flory is full of contradictions and ultimately these contribute to his

Eastern Gray Kangaroo Management Plan :: essays research papers

The Macropus giganteus, otherwise known as the Eastern Gray Kangaroo, the Giant Gray Kangaroo, or the Tasmanian Forester, is found in the eastern parts of Australia and in Tasmania. A management plan for this species can prove to be difficult, as one has to take in to account the fact that having high kangaroo populations may have undesirable influences on ecological processes in response to habitat destruction or other environmental change that may pose a threat to biological diversity or other environmental values. Nonetheless, in this plan, I shall try to cover any concerns in an effort to show how to further benefit the Macropus giganteus. My first concern is the kangaroo’s habitat. Kangaroos can survive in very dense packs, called mobs, as has been shown by studies recording as many as 357 kangaroos per square kilometer living in a single nature reserve. However, they prefer to have more land available to them for grazing, as they feed primarily on shrubs and grasses that grow in the open fields. To address this, I would propose a solution that has proven effective in raising the populations in the past; deforestation. Kangaroos do not utilize the densely wooded areas in any way that would make them beneficial to keep. They have been known to live in the open woodlands, though. When heavily wooded areas are thinned or completely destroyed, this provides more grazing area for the kangaroo, allowing for a higher population carrying capacity. However, it must be stressed that some shade trees must be kept, as the kangaroos like to rest under them to cool off from the intense Australian sun. Another major concern is the killing of the kangaroo population by farmers. Farmers hunt the kangaroos because they feel that the kangaroo grazes on too much of its land, therefore being detrimental to the farm. A simple solution to this that benefits the kangaroo is to simply buy out the farms and convert the farmland into grasslands that the kangaroos can graze in freely. The farmer benefits from the buyout, and the kangaroo population can continue to increase. Another problem the Gray Kangaroo faces is being struck by cars. Roads often cut through the bush lands in Australian, often without any king of fence or barrier to keep wildlife from wandering onto the highway and being killed. Thousands of kangaroos are killed each year because of this. One solution is to fence off the highways that cut through kangaroo habitat.

In Favor of Violence In Sports :: Sport essays research papers

With the increase in society taking a stance against violence by many people, sports has become an area where some feel that the violent acts such as the hitting and fighting that occurs should be eliminated. You can not change something that has been around for so long because it would change the aspect of the game to something completely different. The elimination of violence should not be done in sport because the violence is a part of the game which would only hurt its popularity. The reasons that the violence is occurring in sport is due to six theories according to John Schneider. "The violence in sport mirrors the violence found in society, violence as the result of economic incentives, the influence of crowd behavior on player violence, genetic causation for player aggression, learning theory and player aggression, and psychological stress and player violence" (Lapchick 230). The theories of sport mirroring society, violence as a result of economic incentive, and the influence of the crowd behavior are the theories that I feel are responsible for the increasing violence in sports. Most people when involved in a highly stressful situation where violence is around would probably resort to a fight to resolve their differences. In sport, why should we expect any difference. In events such as hockey games, where people are expected to hit and make body contact, sooner or later a fight will break out and the fans will yell and scream for their favorite player involved. Like anything, if people around us are applauding us for a certain act we have done, we will try to do it over so that we will continue to be praised. In sports, there are some players whose only role on the team is to protect and enforce the unwritten rules of the game such as in hockey where it is not right to fight or hit a Wayne Gretezy or Mario Lemieux type of star player! . His economic incentive is to protect the team and if he does not, a new line of work might be in the future. All three of those theories relate closely to the role of the fighter in sport and why it is that he does commit the acts of violence. When leagues such as the National Football League (NFL) or the National Hockey League (NHL) are asked to try and remove the violence from their sport, they are hesitant because it is not what the fans want. "Bryant and Zillman report that television viewers enjoy NFL plays more when they are rough and

Musical is an art of arranging sounds Essay

Musical is an art of arranging sounds in a particular pattern to create a pleasant harmony to the ears of the listeners. Just like the industrial revolution took time to reach its present level, the two major forms of musical in America were realized after a long time of progressive development as (Riddle 2003) explains. American musical was firstly borrowed from the European States; the American musical pioneers built on it to develop theirs then later they completely detached from it came up with their own different style of presentation according to (Lubbock 1962). Musical comedy was the first of the only two advanced musical styles to be established in America. Then there followed the other which is the musical play and the two have been cherished widely in the twentieth and the twenty first centuries. There are several legend musicians who played a key role in making American musical what it is today and have been covered by history. The changes that were met in the twentieth century in musical varied from the cultural, content to the form of delivering the musical. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Music in America is an art that has a very long history in its development in form and content to the level it is now. The historians have established that it has taken hundreds of years to develop from its primitive form to the now sophisticated forms. (Lubbock1962) traces music in America way back in the year 1735. He argues that this introduced music did not originate from America itself but from England. From those years on up to 1960,s the initial way of treating musicals underwent great transformation and many people came into terms with music unlike in the past. As the year 1960 was dawning, Americans began to get enlightened about Musicals where they were in a position to define it and find out its relationship with art according to (Gann 2000). Through continued development of interest in learning what music was, the people also became able to relate it with culture. It is also worthy noting that the various phases through which the American music underwent included the transformation of the places of performance. The first pieces of music were only played in the urban centres but it slowly filtered into the rural as time went by. According to (Gann 2000), the music was taken from the urban to the rural setting in the year 1961 and from there onward it expanded and widely spread more into the interior like a bush fire. In 1980,s several individuals ventured into bettering the quality of the musical performed in the theatres which took the dimension created by the Americans more than that of Europeans. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT The culture of the people influences greatly the type of music they compose, the type of dance they use to accompany their songs and more so the kind of perception they have on the present generation music. American musical has had a lot of influence on the way the Americans perceive their abilities and identify their characters according to (Knapp 2005). In the same manner, the music the Americans borrowed from the Europeans took after the cultural practices of the natives of the country. Through the ages the American musicals saw a great transition in the way the Americans treated music in relation to their culture. It came a time when the stake holders in musicals began to present their cultures through the art of music especially holding cultural ceremonies where people got the opportunities to express their personalities as (Knapp 2005) confirms. The American musicians also were able to portray their culture through their manner of dressing during music play performances in the theatres. The twentieth century also was the year of making music as a source of earning personal living in addition to expressing the people’s beliefs and practices. (Crawford 2000) confirms that the art of music took the dimension of commercial activity during its development during the twentieth century and a rapid growth as a business the common exercise of the day. By watching a clip of the American produced musical, one was in a position to analyse the type of culture the performers upheld from the way the dressed, their make-ups, the food they eat and the dancing styles which were adopted during music development time. FORM DEVELOPMENT The form in which music first entered America is not the same style of music we play in America today. A great transition has occurred in the music industry in terms of the several classes of music which have hit in the country. Lubbock (1962) asserts that the first type of music to be played in America was Flora and this had its source from England. In this twenty first century, this kind of music can only be referred to as a legend and you may find that the current generation is not aware of the former existence of such kind of music. In the twentieth century, the American natives set out to develop their own style of music which indeed they did in two phases. The first phase was characterized by a lot of emulation of the pre-existing opera style of England which was later advanced. This first move by the upcoming American musicians constituted what was called the comedy music. The second phase of American musical development was the new form of music which was not derived from the European form. According to (Lubbock 1962) it was the Showboat which established the campaign towards developing American-produced music which came to be referred to as music play. Here the musicians could perform their own composed music in public. The music industry in the new form was since then continued by the other successors including Oklahoma and the others. Their establishments have since then not been out dated because music play and the prior styles are the only two ruling the American music industry.

Does the government do enough to punish cyber-attacks & criminals?

1.0 IntroductionCyber-attacks hold back become a signifi burnt bother for selective breeding agreements (IS) worldwide. When referring to information placements, the precondition cyber-attack is used for denoting a leering action that aims to result to specific benefit, unremarkably financial, and which is genuine through online routes as in stock(predicate) in the Internet (Vacca, 2009). In the UK, the expansion of cyber- detestation has been quite rapid the last fewer years leading to yucky financial losses for the victims, individuals and businesses (Cabinet theatrical role, 2011). The graph in intention 1 shows the cost of the various theatrical roles of cyber hatred to the UK economy. This composition explores the effectiveness of measures interpreted by the UK political science in project to the penalisation of cyber-crime, aiming to show whether the live initiatives for the UK organization for sullen the cyber-crime be sufficient or not. The paper als o justifys the key characteristics and the value of information systems (IS) warrantor so that the authority of the UK governance to fix safety from cyber-crimes is evaluated. I go away argue that the UK presidential term does not seemly to punish cyber-attacks and criminals. Moreover, the introduction by the governance of stricter penalisation for cyber-attacks has not resulted to the limitation of this type of crime, as explained below. simulacrum 1 equal of different types of cyber crime to the UK economy (Cabinet Office, 2011, p.2)2.0 shelter of IS characteristics and importancecertificate, as a term, brush aside be relate to to different fields. In the context of use of information technology, the term protective cover is used for describing a power systems degree of risk in its ability to survive imminent disturbances without rift of customer inspection and repair (Cuzzocrea et al., 2013, p.244). As for the term IT protective covering, this term refers t o tierce determine/ characteristics of an IT system, such(prenominal) as confidentiality, integrity and availability (Katsikas, 2016, p.28). jibe to Mehdi (2014), the term IS credentials denotes the security of IS against unlicenced vex (p.4310). It is explained that a secure IS can ensure that its information pass on not be modified or lost (Mehdi, 2014). Also, such system is capable to detect early any security threat activating sequester auspices mechanisms (Merkow, 2010). At organizational level, IS security is ensured by utilise an IS security policy, i.e. a restrict of rules referring to the security standards that would apply in every IS of the organisation tang guide (Kim and Solomon, 2016). However, the demands of such policy can be many, a circumstance which is merelyified if considering the several types of IS threats (Cabinet Office, 2011 Figure 1). Organisations a good deal need to hire an culture system tribute ships officer (ISSO) for ensuring I S security (Kovachich, 2016).3.0 The penalization of cyber-attacks and criminals politics initiatives and cause3.1 Laws and policies focus on IS security In the UK, the first legal philosophy addressing cyber crimes appeared in 1990 and aimed to cover the gaps of existing order in weigh to the bulwark of IT systems from cyber-attacks (Emm, 2009). This was the 1990 calculator pervert Act. The introduction in the UK of a legislative text focusing on cyber-attacks has been extremely related to a cyber-attack incident the unauthorized access, by deuce cyber-attackers, to BTs Prestel service in 1984 (Emm, 2009). When dealing with the supra case, the solicit used the 1981 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act, due to the lack of a legislative text focusing on computer-related crimes (Emm, 2009). In May of 2015, the expert criminal offense Act 2015 came into action (Eversheds-Sutherland, 2015). The names 41 up to 44 of the to a higher place equity introduced stricter penaliz ation for cyber-crimes. More specific totallyy, in the context of the 1990 Computer Misuse Act the durance for serious cyber-crimes could not exceed the 10 years. With the 2015 Act, the imprisonment for cyber-crimes has been significantly outgrowthd, reaching the 14 years and even off, the life sentence in cases of cyber-crimes threatening subject area security (Eversheds-Sutherland, 2015). This, stricter, penalization for cyber-crimes could discourage cyber-criminals only if only if the enforcement of the law was appropriately support, so that all cases of cyber-crimes are brought before the courts (White, 2016).The case Cyber Security strategy (CSS) of 2011 has been an effort of the British government to run cyber-crime (Shefford, 2015). The Computer Emergency Response patrol squad up (CERT) is a national team that was open up in 2014 for component part towards the achievement of the purposes of CSS (Cabinet Office, 2014, p.13). The CERT team provides to organisatio ns in the private and the public sector critical information for the protection from cyber-attacks (Cabinet Office, 2014). Additionally, in the context of CSS, educational initiatives focusing on cyber security are highly-developed by institutions across the UK these initiatives are funded by the government and aim to achieve two targets First, to increase the awareness of the public in love to cyber security. Second, to help individuals to acquire skills which are inevitable for supporting cyber security and for facing cyber-attacks (Cabinet Office, 2014 Figure 2). The Cyber Security Challenge (CSC) is a plan developed by the UK government for helping childly people to understand the risks from using their cyber skills in the wrong way the architectural plan includes competitions and early(a) schemes that can motivate young people to use their cyber skills in a proactive way and not for the committedness of cyber crimes ( interior(a) Crime Agency, 2017).Figure 1 Initiat ives/ measures of the National CSS for facing cyber-crime (Cabinet Office, 2014, p.22)3.2 Cyber-attack incidents in governmental and non-governmental organisationsThe subroutine of cyber-attacks against governmental and non-governmental organisations in the UK is continuously increase (White, 2016). From January to October of 2016, 75 cyber-attacks have been reported against banks in the UK, while in 2014 these attacks were just louver (White, 2016). In 2013, three individuals in Britain were convicted to jail, from 6 months up to 22 months, for unauthorised access of sensitive private data memoryd in PayPal, Visa and Mastercard (McTague, 2014). The above penalisation was considered as too soft compared to the seriousness of the crime. In 2014, the government decided to initiate the adjustment of existing punishment for cyber-crimes, so that emerging perpetrators are discouraged from committing a cyber-crime (McTague, 2014). Pultarova (2016) argued that banks in the UK organiz ation cyber-attacks quite regularly that they avoid reporting the specific incidents nerve-racking to protect their market image. In November of 2016, prime minister P. Hammond noted that critical infrastructure units of the UK, such as airports and gas facilities, are peril by cyber-attacking techniques developed by other countries (BBC News, 2016). It was noted that the protection from such attacks would be a priority for the UK in guild for the regions security, at national level, to be ensured (BBC News, 2016). In 2011 the general police officer in the e-crime department of Scotland-Yard argued that the punishment of cyber crimes in the UK is too soft if considering the f existent modify that these crimes cause (BBC News, 2011). It was explained that the annual de record on the UK economy from cyber-crimes reaches the ?27bn (BBC News, 2011). In 2016, the National Crime Agency of the UK published a report for showing the status of cyber-crimes, in terms of occurrence/ rate of appearance. According to the above report, the cyber crime represents a study part of criminal activity in the UK, reaching the 36% among all crimes developed in the UK. At the same time, the crimes related to computer misuse reached the 17% among the countrys total crimes (National Crime Agency, 2016). The above figures and facts indicate the inability of the UK government to dominate cyber-crime. The introduction in 2015 of stricter punishment for cyber-crimes has been an of the essence(predicate) initiative by the UK government for unequivocal cyber-crime. However, this initiative should be combined with other measures, at national and at residential area level.In a speech in mid-February of 2017, Chancellor P. Hammond noted that in the introductory three months a total of 188 severe cyber-attacks had been reported these attacks aimed to cause severe damage to governmental services, infrastructure and businesses (Cole, 2017). A akin issue has been raised by gentl e West of Spithead who noted in 2010 that in 2009 the UK had to face 300 significant attacks on the IS of the government (Doward, 2010). According to Lord West, this paradox had become quite serious, denoting that the UK had been targeted by cyber criminals worldwide, as these attacks seemed to be supported by conflicting governments, as Lord West noted (Doward, 2010). The above arguments verify the existence of gaps in the existing national framework for the protection from cyber-attacks, as this framework constitutes the national rule and national policy for the attend of cyber crime. The facts presented above further verify the inability of the UKs policy to reduce the occurrence of cyber-crime.Guitton (2012) developed an experiment, using data related to cyber-attacks that occurred in the midst of 2003 and 2010 in businesses located in three European countries Germany, UK and France. It was revealed that the relationship among attribution and deterrence is strong only in cases of individuals of individuals who are aware of the existing legislation for cyber-crime and who can realise the actual effects of their actions. These individuals represented the 1/3 of the cases re take ined by Guitton (2012). In opposition, it was found that most individuals involved in cyber-crimes are not full aware of the relevant legislation and they tilt to ignore the effects of their actions. For these individuals, the control system which emphasises on the power of attribution, as held by the state, to ensure deterrence is not applied, as Guitton (2012) argued. In the context of the above study, the potential of the British government to control cyber-crime is limited. This fact, even it would be accepted, could not affect the view on the governments efforts to exhibit cyber-crime. The update of the terms of punishment of cyber-crimes just in 2015 and the lack of effective control mechanisms for identifying and reporting cyber attacks verify the failure of the go vernment to ensure the punishment of cyber-attacks and criminals.4.0 Conclusion and RecommendationsIt is reason out that the UK government does not make becoming to punish cyber-attacks and criminals. First, a significant clasp has been identified in the introduction of appropriate/ fair penalties. Indeed, the introduction of strict punishment for cyber-crimes took place just in 2015, as explained above. The facts and views presented in this paper lead to the guess that for many years, the government has avoided awaiting cyber-attacks as a criminal activity, a fact that led to the radical increase of cyber-attacks against IS systems in governmental services and in financial institutions. At the same time, IS security has several aspects, heart and soul that eliminating cyber crime is rather impossible. The soft punishment framework for cyber-crimes, as used in the past, has led to the severe deterioration of the problem across the UK. The increase of effectiveness of current legislation, as from May 2015, on cyber-attacks could be achieved through certain practices, such as First, events and seminars would be organized at corporation level for informing individuals on the characteristics of cyber-attacks and the on tap(predicate) measures for protection these seminars would also provide guidelines to entrepreneurs in regard to the value of IS security policy, as part of business strategy. Second, incentives would be provided to entrepreneurs for move the certification of their business according to the information security treatment standards, such as the ISO/IEC 27000 standards. Third, an independent authority would be launch for controlling the performance of governmental and non-governmental organisations in regard to IS safety. Finally, the investment on IS security in governmental and non-governmental organisations would be increased. Security frameworks, such as the Intrusion spying System (IDS), could be employed in these organisations for ensuring IS security in IS systems that manage and store high volume of private data (Stair and Reynolds, 2015, p.460).5.0 Personal reflections This project has been related to a critical issue the findings in regard to the studys subject have been contradictory. More specifically, the UK government has tried to confront cyber-attacks through legislation and relevant policies but the punishment for these crimes has been characterised as soft, at to the lowest degree up to 2015, while the number of cyber-attacks in the UK is continuously increased. Under these terms, I had to face a dilemma how should the performance of the UK government in facing cyber-crime would be evaluatedBy referring to the initiatives taken or by emphasising on the actual results of these initiativesReflection has helped me to face the above problem. Indeed, reflection can help the look intoer to have an objective sense of things (Gillett et al., 2013, 85). Moreover, using reflection I tried to estimate th e balance amongst the positive and negative aspects of governments efforts to punish cyber-crime and to understand which aspect of the governments strategy against cyber-crime is more related to the research question this paper aims to explain whether the government has done enough on the punishment of cyber-crime. Through reflection, I tacit that the occurrence of cyber-attacks in the UK should be best-loved as the criterion for respond the research question. Ventola and Mauranen (1996) explained that reflection can help the detective to identify the research findings that are walking(prenominal) to the research question, a fact that allows the police detective to use the right material for answering the research question. Additionally, I used reflection during the development of the study for managing time and for tracking research gaps, which have been covered later on the completion of the project. The above tasks have been supported by a research diary (Day, 2013), in t he form of notes, where daily hap in regard to research and piece of music was reported. Thus, the use of reflection while develop this project helped me to control risks, in regard to the projects structure and heart and soul, and to manage time more effectively, covering all aspects of the research question.6.0 References BBC News (2016) UK must strike back against cyber-attacks adduces chancellor. useable from http//www.bbc.com/ news program/technology-37821867 Accessed 15 borderland 2017.BBC News (2011) Cyber criminals should get tough sentences say police. useable from http//www.bbc.com/news/uk-15680466 Accessed 15 border district 2017.Cabinet Office (2011) The cost of locker crime. Available from https//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60943/the-cost-of-cyber-crime-full-report.pdf Accessed 15 meet 2017.Cabinet Office (2014) The UK Cyber Security Strategy. Report on maturate and Forward Plans. Available from https//www.gov.uk/governme nt/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/386093/The_UK_Cyber_Security_Strategy_Report_on_Progress_and_Forward_Plans_-_De___.pdf Accessed 15 March 2017.Cole, H. (2017) UK governing body and businesses are hit by two serious cyber-attacks a day. The Sun. Available from https//www.thesun.co.uk/news/2857508/uk-government-and-businesses-are-hit-by-two-serious-cyber-attacks-a-day/ Accessed 15 March 2017.Cuzzocrea, A., Kittl, C., Simos, D., Weippl, E. and Xu, L. (2013) Availability, Reliability, and Security in entropy Systems and HCI IFIP WG 8.4, 8.9, TC 5 outside(a) Cross-Domain Conference, CD-ARES 2013, Regensburg, Germany, September 2-6, 2013, Proceedings. New York Springer.Day, T. (2013) Success in Academic paper. Oxford Palgrave MacmillanDoward, J. (2010) Britain fends off flood of foreign cyber-attacks. The Guardian. Available from https//www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/mar/07/britain-fends-off-cyber-attacks Accessed 15 March 2017.Emm, D. (2009) Cybercrime and the law a refresh of UK computer crime legislation. SecureList. Available from https//securelist.com/ analysis/publications/36253/cybercrime-and-the-law-a-review-of-uk-computer-crime-legislation/ Accessed 15 March 2017.Eversheds-Sutherland (2015) Will the estimable Crime Act 2015 toughen the UKs cybercrime regimeAvailable from http//www.eversheds-sutherland.com/global/en/what/articles/index.page?ArticleID=en/tmt/Serious_Crime_Act_2015_May2015 Accessed 15 March 2017.Gillett, A., Hammond, A. and Martala, M. (2013) Inside Track to fortunate Academic Writing. Essex Pearson Education.Guitton, C. (2012) Criminals and Cyber Attacks The Missing Link between Attribution and Deterrence. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 6(2), pp.1030-1043.Katsikas, S. (2016) breeding Systems Security Facing the information alliance of the 21st century. New York Springer.Kim, D. and Solomon, M. (2016) Fundamentals of Information Systems Security. Sudbury Jones & bartlett Publishers.Kovachich, G. (2016) The Information Systems Security Officers Guide Establishing and Managing a Cyber Security Program. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.McTague, T. (2014) Computer hackers face life in prison under new political science crackdown on cyber terrorism. Mail Online. Available from http//www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2649452/Computer-hackers-face-life-prison-new-Government-crackdown-cyber-terrorism.html Accessed 15 March 2017.Mehdi, K. (2014) Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. Hershey IGI Global.Merkow, M. (2010) Security Policies and Implementation Issues. Sudbury Jones & Bartlett Publishers.National Crime Agency (2017) Cyber crime preventing young people from being involved. Available from http//www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/crime-threats/cyber-crime/cyber-crime-preventing-young-people-from-getting-involved Accessed 15 March 2017.National Crime Agency (2016) Cyber Crime Assessment 2016. Available from http//www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/publications/709-cyber-crime-as sessment-2016/file Accessed 15 March 2017.Pultarova, T. (2016) UK banks under constant cyber-attack but dont report incidents. Engineering & Technology. Available from https//eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2016/10/uk-banks-under-constant-cyber-attack-but-dont-report-incidents/ Accessed 15 March 2017.Shefford, M. (2015) What is the UK government doing about cybersecurityDatonomy. Available from http//datonomy.eu/2015/04/01/what-is-the-uk-government-doing-about-cybersecurity/ Accessed 15 March 2017.Stair, R. and Reynolds, G. (2015) Fundamentals of Information Systems. 8th ed. Belmont Cengage Learning.Vacca, J. (2009) Computer and Information Security Handbook. Burlington Morgan Kaufmann.Ventola, E. and Mauranen, A. (1996) Academic Writing Intercultural and textual issues. John Benjamins Publishing.White, L. (2016) British banks admit cyber-attacks under wraps to protect image. Reuters. Available from http//uk.reuters.com/article/us-britain-banks-cyber-idUKKBN12E0NQ Accessed 15 Mar ch 2017.